极低出生体重早产儿出院前实施母婴同室个体化照护指导的效果评价

Individualized care guidance with mother and infant in one room before hospital discharge for very low birth weight preterm children

目的探讨极低出生体重早产儿出院前实施母婴同室个体化照护指导对早产儿家居护理及生长发育的影响。方法将230例准备出院的极低出生体重早产儿随机分成对照组和观察组，各115例。对照组为家长提供健康教育和出院宣教手册。观察组患者在此基础上实施出院计划，早产儿出院前实施母婴同室3～5天，予个体化照护指导，效果满意时出院，出院后1周内随访及定期门诊随诊。结果观察组早产儿出院后3个月内患病率及再人院率明显低于对照组伊〈0．01）。在早产儿纠正胎龄3、6、12月时分别测身长、头围、体重，并对照中国9城市0-3岁儿童生长百分位数曲线图，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论早产儿出院前实施母婴同室个体化照护指导，能促进早产儿体格的生长发育并改善远期的生存质量，是值得推荐的早产儿出院指导模式。

Objective To study the influence of individualized care guidance with mother and infant in one room before hospital discharge for very low birth weight preterm children on home care and the growth of preterm the children. Methods 230 very low birth weight preterm children preparing for discharge were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 115 cases for each group. The control group provided health education and discharged missionary handbooks for the parents. In addition, the observation group implemented discharge plan： before discharge the mothers and infants were together in one room for 3-5 days and were individualizedly guided for home care until they were satisfied. 1 week after discharge, all the objects were followed up and received regular outpatient follow-up. Results 3 months after discharge, the morbidity rate and readmission rate were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （P〈0.01）. 3, 6, and 12 mouths after the correction of gestational age in preterm children, the length, head circumference, and weight were measured and the results were compared with the percentile growth curve of Chinese 0-3 children in 9 cities, with statistical differences between these two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Individualized care guidance with mother and infant in one room before hospital discharge for very low birth weight preterm children can promote physical growth and development of preterm children and improve longterm quality of life. This discharge guidance mode ofpreterm children is worth being recommended.