论公共政策的“公共性”

On the “Public Nature” of Public Policy

当人们使用"公共政策"一词时,表明政策是具有公共性的,但政策所具有的公共性并不是生来就有,就历史来看,公共性是工业化的产物,"公共"政策是在近代以来的社会中才出现的。在工业社会中,政策的公共性是通过代议制民主与科学化路径来获得的,但是无论是代议制民主还是科学化的路径最终只能使得政策实现形式上的公共性,政策中实质性的公共性却丧失了。20世纪60、70年代之后随着民主化浪潮的兴起,政策系统出现了开放与包容的趋势,将会出现的现象是,大众和精英都作为行动者参与到政策过程中来,在彼此平等和相互尊重的关系中建构公共政策,唯有如此方能使得公共政策获得实质意义上的"公共性"。

When people use the word of 'public policy', they mean the policy is public. But the public nature of policy is not born to be. Historically, public is the product of industrialization and public policy appeared in the society since modern times. In the industrial society, the public policy is obtained through the democracy of representative system and scientific path, but both the ways eventually realize the formal public nature of policy while the substantial public nature of policy is lost. In the 1960 s and 1970 s, along with the rise of democratization, policy system is more and more open and inclusive. Mass and elite will both participate in the policy process and construct public policy in the relationship of mutual equality and mutual respect. Only then can the policy obtain the substantial public nature.