韦伯《儒教与道教》引用有关中国文献略考

A Concise Inquiry on the Chinese References in Max Weber's Confucianism and Taoism

本文通过对马克斯·韦伯《儒教与道教》一书中明确出注引用的有关中国文献的较系统考察,主要说明部分学者因韦伯不通中文遂轻视其研究之价值,笼统批评有责人过苛之嫌。韦伯引用的文献并不限于少数先秦经典和《通鉴纲目》,而是尽可能地利用了包括敦煌文书在内的最新外文成果;并且韦伯的解读有着现代社会科学的综合深刻视角。至于其著作在文献方面受到的诟病,则可以从其与葛兰言、陈寅恪等学者的对比中,归纳出一些可能的历史语境原因。韦伯在世界宗教社会学比较背景下进行的中国宗教研究,其理论启发价值大大超过具体文献失误的不足。

This article listed the Chinese References that Max Weber had cited in his famous bookConfucianism and Taoism, it claims that some scholars criticized Max Weber's Chinese Study accomp-lishment just because of Weber's shortcomings of understanding Chinese literature,it is somehow unfair to Max Weber. Based on an closely check on the China related references in Confucianism and Taoism, the author found that Weber had made the best of using the China Study accomplishments in Europe in that era,this even contain his explanation on Dunhuang Documents.As far as the criticism from the so-called'academic standard'was concerned, the author gave us examples of other two famous scholars Chen Yinkoh and Marcel Granet, on the comparative study,this article gave a vivid scene about the 'academic ecological system'in Germany in 1920 s. Max Weber's contribution to 'paradigm innovation' of comparative historical analysisplayed more essential role on theoretical enlightenment than its shortcomings in Chinese references.