5~6岁幼儿利他行为的内隐认知研究

An Experiment Research of 5-6 Year-old Children’s Altruistic Behavior and Implicit Cognition

本研究对幼儿园大班独生/非独生幼儿两个群体进行了利他行为的内隐联想测验（IAT）和情境行为测验,并结合《长处和困难量表》,考察了幼儿个体对利他行为的内隐认知和行为表达及其相互关系.结果表明：（1）5～6岁幼儿存在显著的利他行为内隐认同倾向,两个群体差异边缘显著.（2）在利他行为的内外一致性上,幼儿利他行为的内隐态度与其分享行为存在边缘显著相关.（3）幼儿利他行为表达及其亲社会特质的教师评定结果存在部分分离现象,帮助行为与亲社会特质关联较大,分享行为与亲社会特质关联较小.

The implicit association test （IAT） and an extra situational test were conducted in two groups of children （the only children and non only children） to investigate the degree of identification of altruistic behavior. The authors also did the preceptor-evaluation by the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire and investigated the correlation between these variables. The research discovered that （1） there was a significant tendency of implicit altruistic behavior identification among the children at the age of 5-6 and the marginal difference is significant in both of the two groups; （2） there was a marginal significant positive correlation between the implicit attitude of altruistic behavior and the sharing behavior of the children; （3） the alruistic behavior of the children and the social characteristics of preceptor-evaluation were not entirely consistent. Help giv- ing is more associated with prosocial characteristics while sharing is less.