海滩-珊瑚礁系统风暴响应特征研究——以1409号台风“威马逊”对清澜港海岸影响为例

Study on storm-effects on beach-coral reef system——Taking the response of Qinglangang Coast on No.1409 Typhoon Rammasun as an example

珊瑚礁海岸在我国热带地区广泛发育,海滩-珊瑚礁海岸的动力地貌过程是认识该类海岸的关键。本文基于对海南铜鼓岭-高隆湾岸段的台风＂威马逊＂前后跟踪观测,讨论了海滩风暴响应特征及其与珊瑚礁发育之间的联系。结果表明该岸段海滩在＂威马逊＂风暴作用下响应最为剧烈的区带位于平均海平面（MSL）以上,表现为后滨冲越,以及岸线蚀退、滩肩变窄、滩面侵蚀等响应特征。海滩风暴响应特征与近岸珊瑚礁发育密切相关,在无珊瑚或珊瑚受损的岸段海滩响应剧烈,剖面平均变化率（MPC）为其他岸段的3~6倍,珊瑚礁通过消耗波能对相邻海滩提供良好保护。海滩-珊瑚礁系统对风暴的响应特征受控于珊瑚礁对海岸波浪的消耗能力和海滩固有的缓冲能力。基于本文研究结果,归纳出风暴极端动力条件下海滩-珊瑚礁海岸的4种风暴响应模式。

Coral reefs distribute extensively along tropical coasts in China. The interactional behavior of beach-coral reef system is the key to understanding its morphodynamic process. Based on repeated field surveys before and af- ter the Typhoon Rammasun, the paper discussed the storm-effects on beaches and its relationship with coral reefs a- long Tongguling-Gaolongwan coast in Hainan. The results showed that the most active zone during TyphoonRammasun was above MSL, which was characterized by backshore scarp, shoreline retreat, berm erosion and the reduction of beach face. The storm-effects on beaches are closely related to the condition of nearshore coral reefs. In the case of absence or destruction of coral reefs, the storm-effects on beaches significantly increased by 3--6 times Mean Profile Change （MPC） value. Coral reefs can provide effective protection for adjacent beach by mean of wave dissipation through reef flat. The characteristics of the storm-effects on beach-coral reef system are controlled by the wave dissipation of reefs and the sediment buffering of beaches. Four types of storm-response modes of beach- coral reef system were summarized.