德国和俄罗斯法律中的森林进入权对我国森林立法的启示

Forest Access Right in German and Russian Laws and Its Inspiration to Forestry Legislation in China

随着集体林权制度改革取得阶段性成功,林权成为林业生态文明制度建设的关键词。林权作为一种私人财产权,能够增加社会力量造林和发展林业的积极性,其效果自不待言。然而这种将森林资源完全私有化的做法,忽视了森林资源的社会价值,比如提供公民休憩和娱乐的场所以及基本生存的能量来源。因此在一定程度上限制林权,为与森林资源利益攸关的其他利用人提供其合理利益的保护十分必要。德国和俄罗斯在立法上设置了森林进入权(森林逗留的权利),这对于在这一领域的立法实践和理论研究方面尚存空缺的我国有极强的借鉴意义。

As the reform of collective forest tenure achieves phased success, forest tenure has become critical term in the construction of forest ecological civilization. Obviously forest tenure as a private property right could encourage the social community to engage forest establishment and forestry development. However the total privatization of forest resources would commit ignorance of its social value such as the provision of places for citizens to enj0y recreation and amusement and their function in terms of the energy origin for human survival. Therefore it is necessary to restrain the exclusivity of forest tenure in order to bulwark the interests of forest users. The right of access to forest （ the right to linger in forest） legislated in German and Russia might offer strong references for China, in which there are some gaps between legislative practices and theoretical research.