广东潮阳方言“哩”字句的句法功能研究

On the Syntactic Functions of Constructions with [li■]哩 in Chaoyang Dialect,Guangdong Province

本文从句法位置、句子功能、话语功能、复句关联四个角度剖析潮阳话"哩"的情态及"哩"字句的句法功能。(1)"哩"位于主谓之间,并遵循标记词强制原则、时间词自由原则和主语后毗邻原则;(2)句子功能上,"哩"主要分布于一定的陈述句和疑问句中,而排斥典型的祈使句与感叹句;(3)话语功能上,"哩"字陈述句可分为四种:申辩性、承转性、解劝性和阐明性,而"哩"字疑问句分为两种:商讨性和质问性;(4)复句关联上,"哩"字陈述句主要扮演原因句、待转句、结果句、同位句四种角色;(5)"哩"字句的情态带有强烈的消极性,作为词类,归入情态副词更为合适。

This paper [ li]哩 in Chaoyang sentential preferences, mainly dialect analyzes the modality and syntactic functions of the adverbial- in Guangdong province from perspectives of syntactic positions, discourse functions and of compound sentence relationships. Firstly, [li] 哩 locates invariably between subject and predicate and observes the principles of compulsory occurrence of marking, of optional temporal adverbials, and of the post-subject adjacency. Secondly, [ li] 哩 is used only in certain declarative and interrogative sentences, incompatible with the typical imperative and exclamatory sentences. Thirdly, in terms of discourse function, the declarative sentences with [li] 哩 can be classified into four categories as defense, consistency, exhortation and elucidation, while interrogative sentences with [li] 哩 can be categorized into negotiation and interrogation. Fourthly, as related to compound sentences, clauses with [ li ] 哩 fall into four types, i.e. the causal, logical, resultative and appositive clauses. Finally, the paper gives the finding that sentences with adverbial-[ li ] 哩 usually express adversary situations, so it is appropriate to the adverbial as a modal adverb.