中药奇蒿氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取物的抗菌化学组分研究

Research on antibacterial components of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemisia anomala

目的研究中药奇蒿氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取部位中具有抗菌活性的具体组分。方法采用硅胶柱层析法对奇蒿氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取部位进行组分分离,选用临床常见致病菌通过纸片扩散法和常量肉汤稀释法对分离得到的各组分进行体外药敏试验,通过物理化学方法进一步鉴定活性成分的结构。结果奇蒿氯仿、乙酸乙酯部位的多个分离组分对临床常见致病菌具有不同程度抗菌活性,活性显著的组分经结构鉴定确定为:芹菜素、异泽兰黄素、咖啡酸,其中异泽兰黄素对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性最强,其最小杀菌浓度为0.062 5mg/mL。结论本实验方法简单、快捷,可准确有效地得到奇蒿氯仿、乙酸乙酯活性部位的有效抗菌成分,并首次报道了异泽兰黄素的抗菌活性。

Objective To study the antibacterial components of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia anomala S. Moore. Methods The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemisia anomala S. Moore was isolated by silica gel column chromatography. The antibiotic tests of the different isolated fractions in vitro were performed by using Kriby-Bauer method and broth dilution method. The compound structures of the significantly active components were identified by the method of chemical colored-reaction and spectrum analysis. Results Multiple components of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemisia anomala had different degrees of antibacterial activities for common pathogenic strains in clinic. The structures of significantly active components were identified as： apigenin, eupatilin, and caffeic acid; eupatilin had the strongest antimicrobial activity for Standard Staphylococcus aureus （ATCC25923） and Standard Staphylococcus aureua （ATCC29213）, with the minimal bactericidal concentrations being both 0. 062 5 mg/mL. Conclusion The proposed method in the present study is simple and quick; it can accurately and effectively obtain the antibacterial components of the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemisia anomala. This study is the first to report the antibacterial activity of eupatilin.