典型荒漠植物沙拐枣茎干液流密度动态及其对环境因子的响应

Dynamics of sap flow density in stems of typical desert shrub Calligonum mongolicum and its responses to environmental variables

采用热平衡包裹式茎干液流仪和微气象监测系统,模拟中国西北河西走廊中段荒漠生态系统典型固沙植物沙拐枣2014年6—9月茎干液流变化过程.结果表明:沙拐枣茎干液流密度日变化呈宽幅单峰型,其峰值滞后于光合有效辐射峰值约30 min,提前于气温和水汽压亏缺峰值约120 min,其日变化与这3个环境因子日变化之间存在非对称性响应.观测期间,茎干液流密度变化与大气蒸腾需求密切相关,光合有效辐射、气温和水汽压亏缺是影响沙拐枣茎干液流密度的主要气象因子.构建的基于茎干液流密度与气象因子响应关系的模型,能够比较准确地模拟不同天气条件沙拐枣液流密度的变化,而且经过时滞校正模型模拟精度进一步提高,但是该模型对低液流密度和夜间液流密度存在低估,这主要与植物的生理特征有关.

Independent measurements of stem sap flow in stems of Calligonum mongolicum and environmental variables using commercial sap flow gauges and a micrometeorological monitoring sys- tem, respectively, were made to simulate the variation of sap flow density in the middle range of Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during June to September, 2014. The results showed that the diurnal process of sap flow density in C. mongolicum showed a broad unimodal change, and the maximum sap flow density reached about 30 minutes after the maximum of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） , while about 120 minutes before the maximum of temperature and vapor pressure deficit （VPD）. During the studying period, sap flow density closely related with atmosphere evapor- transpiration demand, and mainly affected by PAR, temperature and VPD. The model was developed which directly linked the sap flow density with climatic variables, and good correlation between measured and simulated sap flow density was observed in different climate conditions. The accuracy of simulation was significantly improved if the time-lag effect was taken into consideration, while this model underestimated low and nighttime sap flow densities, which was probably caused by plant physiological characteristics.