球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白的分布及环境功能研究进展

Distribution and environmental function of glomalin-related soil protein:A review

球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)是由丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)在土壤中产生的一种糖蛋白,其在土壤中大量存在,可分为总球囊霉素、易提取球囊霉素、免疫反应性总球囊霉素、免疫反应性易提取球囊霉素.土地利用方式、施肥条件、AMF及宿主类型、外界环境条件等均会影响土壤中GRSP的含量及分布.GRSP能改善土壤团聚体的水稳定性、降低陆地生态系统土壤中CO_2排放、促进土壤中碳贮存、降低土壤中重金属的有效性、减弱重金属的植物毒害.GRSP的提取及定量表征技术仍是限制人们深入了解其在土壤中分布及环境功能的瓶颈.今后有关GRSP的研究应重视以蛋白及其编码该蛋白的基因为基础,阐释GRSP在土壤生态系统中的分子生物学作用及机制,以及GRSP对土壤中有机污染物环境行为的影响.

Glomalin-related soil protein （ GRSP）, a glycoprotein secreted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, is abundant in soil. GRSP can be fraetionated into total glomalin-related soil protein （TG）, easily extracted glomalin-related soil protein （EEG）, immunoreactive total glomalin （IRTG） and immunoreactive easily extracted glomalin （IREEG）. The content of GRSP in soil differed with different soil use type, fertilization condition, AMF and host plant species, and environmental conditions. GRSP significantly positively correlates to the aggregate water stability. GRSP may reduce the release of CO2 in agro-ecosystem, benefit the soil carbon fixation, and reduce the bioavailability and plant toxicity of heavy metals in soil. The extraction and characterization of GRSP are of great importance to understanding the basic behaviors of GRSP in soil environments. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular biology function of GRSP in agro-ecosystem based on the knowledge of proteins and related genes, and impacts of GRSP on the environmental behavior of organic pollutants in soil.