论当代汉语“借音赋形”现象

A Survey of Sound-Based Words in Contemporary Chinese

借音赋形就是有意识地利用汉字的同音或近音关系,对已有词语加以改造,从而形成一个新的词语形式,来表达新义,它包括等义赋形、半新义赋形以及全新义赋形三类。借音赋形的特点:一是多借用动物名称来凸显形象色彩,二是扩大了词语的张力,三是多有戏谑意味和色彩,四是一定程度上也有词族化的表现,五是不限于"词"的范围,也包括一些"语"。它的使用情况是总体上仍局限于网络世界,但是也有部分在现实语言中已经比较常见。从词汇学的视角看借音赋形,一是它与借形赋义构成当代词汇中最有时代性、最鲜活的部分,二是可以对传统的造词法有所补充,三是对传统的词汇研究有启示作用。

Sound-based words involve intentionally reconstructing the existing words to gain new forms and meanings by using Chinese homonyms. They can be formed by referring to those words with the same meaning, half new or brand new meaning. Sound-based words have the following characteristics： firstly, highlighting images with animal names; secondly, expanding the connotation of words; thirdly, possessing a sense of joke; fourthly, showing a tendency to word clusters; fifthly, covering words and speeches. Now sound-based words are generally limited to the cyber-world, but some have entered daily language. From the perspective of lexicology, sound-based words embody the most active elements in contemporary Chinese lexicon, enriching traditional ways of word formation and lexical research.