基于排放税与排放权交易的企业生产减排优化

Optimization of Production and Emission Reduction with Emission Tax and Emission Trading

为了改善环境绩效,政府需要采取有力的环境规制工具来控制企业污染物排放,那么这些规制工具的实施会对企业生产减排产生怎样的影响?文章基于排放税与排放权交易两种经济激励型环境规制工具,通过将污染物的净化成本和排放成本引入生产决策模型,给出了污染物的净化条件,求解了最优净化水平、最优产量与利润等决策变量。分析结果表明,排放税与排放权交易的实施,会促使企业转向更经济的内部净化处理方式,同时降低产品产量,提高产品价格,以实现利润最大化。对企业利润的影响上,征收排放税会直接减少企业利润,但排放权交易具有不确定性,与企业的减排成本、排放权价格、排放配额等因素有关。

In order to improve environmental performance, the government needs to take strong environmental policy to control enterprise pollutants emission, then how will these tools affect the enterprise production and emission reduction？ With two kinds of economic incentive environment tools, emission tax and emission trading, this paper found out the purification condition of pollutants,the optimal purification level, the optimal production and the maximum profit, by introducing the purification and emission cost of carbon into the production decision model. The results show that with the implementation of emission tax and emission price, the enterprise will select the more economical purification, reduce the product yield, and raise the product price to maximize profit. On the impact of enterprise profit, the carbon tax will reduce the profits directly, but the emission trading is uncertain, which is related to the cost of emission reduction, the price of the emission, and the emission quota.