三维CT在经心尖主动脉瓣置换术围手术期评估中的应用-华西医院经验

Application of Three-dimensional CT Angiogram in Perioperative Evaluation for Patients Underwent Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation- The Initial Experience from West China Hospital

目的总结三维计算机断层扫描(CT)影像学技术在经心尖主动脉瓣置换(TAVI)手术围手术期评估的技术要点。方法回顾性分析2014年4月至2015年6月于我院因主动脉瓣膜病变行TAVI手术的28例患者的临床资料,其中男12例、女16例,平均年龄(72.8±4.5)岁,所有患者均采用第二代人工生物介入瓣膜杂交手术。围手术期均采用三维CT影像技术对主动脉瓣膜区域及心脏大血管进行全面评估主动瓣膜形态、主动脉瓣环大小、双侧冠状动脉开口距离主动脉瓣环高度、升主动脉直径、主动脉窦部宽度、左心室长轴切面测量左心室主动脉夹角、三维全容积图像分析最佳造影投射角度。依据三维CT影像制定合理的手术策略包括瓣膜、预扩球囊大小选择,最佳术中造影投射角度以及心尖部入路。结果所有患者均成功行TAVI手术。logistic Euro-SCORE I评分26.2%±7.9%。CT测量平均瓣环径(24.6±1.8)mm,选择瓣膜平均直径(25.8±1.1)mm,平均预扩球囊直径(23.1±1.2)mm,瓣膜均呈三叶式;其中78.6%(22/28)患者重度钙化瓣膜,25.0%(7/28)患者不均匀钙化。依据术前三维全容积三维图像准确预测92.9%(26/28)患者术中造影最佳角度。患者术后平均跨瓣压差显著降低,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义[(54.1±15.3)mm Hg vs(13.1±8.5)mm Hg,P<0.05]。围手术期及随访期间未出现死亡病例、卒中、瓣膜移位、严重心血管不良事件等严重并发症。结论合理运用三维CT影像学技术是保证TAVI手术成功的关键,是帮助中国医师成功开展TAVI手术的重要手段。

Objective To introduce the role of three dementional computed tomograph （3D-CT） for patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） procedure in perioperative evaluation. Methods From April 2014 to June 2015, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 28 patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent successful TAVI procedure using new second-generation device, who were enrolled in this study including 12 males and 16 females at mean age of 72.8±4.5 years. We used 3D-CT to get the perioperative relative evaluation, including valve morphology and calcification degree, annular diameter, aoronary ostium height, ascending aorta, aortic sinus diameter, left ventricular - aortic angle, optimal intraoperative angiogram projection angle. Based on the evaluation by 3D-CT image, the prosthesis size, balloon size, best intraoperative imaging projection angle and approach of apex were then chosen. Results All patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent successful TAVI procedure with mean logistic Euro-SCORE I： 26.2%±7.9%. CT image revealed that mean aortic annular diameter was 24.6±1.8 mm with mean valve prosthesis size 25.8±1.1 mm and pre-dilation balloon size 23.1±1.2 mm and 76.8% patients were of tricuspid aortic valve with severe calcification and 25% patients were of asymmetric calcification. Optimal intraoperative angiogram image was achieved in 92.9% patients with the help of preoperative CT image. There was a statistic difference in mean transvalvular gradient after valve implantation （54.1 ±15.3 mm Hg vs. 13.1＋8.5 mm Hg, P〈0.05）. And there was no mortality or severe complication postoperatively. Conclusion 3D-CT image palys an important role during perioperative evaluation of TAVI procedure and it can be helpful for Chinese doctors to operate TAVI successfully.