抗癌药递药有机纳米载体

Organic Nanocarriers of Anticancer Drug

近年来,癌症研究的热点已经转移到研究化学治疗药新型纳米载体上来。有机纳米载体如脂质体和微胶粒,有着低毒性和多样性(运送多种药物和偶联物到靶点)的优点。这为治疗和诊断结和起来(治疗诊断学)提供了可能。已经成功应用这种纳米形式的经典化疗药物大多是脂溶性药物、小干扰RNA、生物制剂和特异性纳米球。脂质体和微胶粒利用了实质性肿瘤表面高通透性和表面张力,提高了药物在靶区域的聚集(被动打靶)。这在临床上表现为脂质体类药物剂型表现出高药效和低副作用的优点。联合给药和复合治疗方案如辐射、热疗促进药物在靶点从纳米载体释放大多还在临床前研究阶段。更复杂的治疗形式为同时引入治疗药、靶向剂及显影剂,这方面的制剂也在体外实验模型中取得了较好的结果。

In recent years, the hot spot of cancer research has shifted to the study of novel chemotherapeutic drug nano-carriers. Organic nano-carriers such as liposomes and micelles have advantages of low toxicity and diversity（delivering more than one drug and conjugates to targets）. It makes treatment conjugating with diagnosis（theranostics） possible. Classical chemotherapy drugs which have been successfully applied to this form are mostly lipophilic drugs, small interfering RNA, biologics and specific nanospheres. Liposomes and micelles take advantages of solid tumor surface＇s high permeability and tension, which improving drug aggregation in target areas（passive targeting）. Because of this, liposomes exhibit high efficacy and low side effects in clinical. Most combination therapy and hybrid treatments, such as radiation and hyperthermia that can promote release of drugs at target sites from nano-carriers, are still at the pre-clinical research stage. More complex treatment methods introduce therapeutic agents, targeting agents and eikonogen at the same time. These pharmaceutic preparations get good results in in-vitro models as well.