价值转化为生产价格的理论前提

On the Premises of Value Transforming to the Price of Production

价值转化为生产价格是马克思价值理论中的重要内容。以往马克思主义经济学家在转形问题上只强调 ,生产价格理论解决了劳动价值论和等量资本获得等量利润之间的矛盾 ,生产价格规律是价值规律发挥作用的具体形式 ,以及生产价格理论揭示了资本主义各部门的资本家共同瓜分工人创造的剩余价值 ,资产阶级和无产阶级之间存在着根本对立的关系 ,对于转形问题极为重要的价值转化为生产价格的理论前提 ,则没有给予足够的重视。实践证明 ,部门间统一的剩余价值率、部门间各异的资本有机构成以及部门间统一的利润率 ,是价值转化为生产价格的三大理论前提 ,三者缺一不可。马克思的转形理论也只有在这三大前提下才能存在。

Value transforming to the price of production is the important content of Marxian value theories. Usually Marxian economists emphasize transformation problem only on that the contradiction between the labor theory of value and the principle of equal capital obtains equal profit has been solved by price of production theory, on that the disciplinarian of the price of production is the specific form of value disciplinarian, and on that price of production theory revealed the great conflict relationship between bourgeois and proletariat, but neglect the important premises of the transformation problem. This paper analyzes the three key ratios about the transformation problem,and proves that the three premises of value transforming to the price of production are all necessary,which include:uniform rate of surplus value, different rate of organic composition of capital, and uniform rate of profit among departments.It also regards only under the three premises can Marxian transformation theory exist.