哮喘儿童自我管理模式的构建与应用研究

Study on construction and application of self management model in asthma children

[目的]结合哮喘儿童自我管理现状,探讨适合中小型城市哮喘儿童的自我管理模式和方法。[方法]选取2013年3月—2014年3月在邵阳市中心医院就诊并确诊为儿童哮喘的7岁~17岁病人100例,采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采取门诊常规哮喘儿童治疗和护理方法;干预组在接受常规治疗、护理基础上接受研究者构建的哮喘儿童自我管理模式干预。分别在干预前、干预6个月后评价哮喘儿童自我管理效果,评价指标为哮喘儿童自我管理水平和哮喘儿童生命质量,分别采用哮喘儿童自我管理量表和儿科生命质量问卷（PAQLQ）中文版进行测评。[结果]共有91例哮喘患儿完成了整个干预过程,其中干预组45例,对照组46例。结果显示,干预组在哮喘儿童自我管理量表的日常生活、疾病医学、社会心理管理得分及总分均高于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;干预组PAQLQ问卷中症状、活动受限、情感得分及总分均高于对照组（P〈0.01）。[结论]采用自我管理模式对哮喘儿童进行干预可提高哮喘患儿的自我管理水平,改善哮喘患儿的生命质量。

Objective：Combining with the self management status of asthma children,to probe into the self management model and method for asthma children in medium and small cities. Methods：A total of 100 7-17 years old asthma children who had been diagnosed and treated in Shaoyang Central Hospital from March 2013 to March 2014 were selected,and they were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group,50 cases in each. The patients in control group received the routine treatment and nursing methods for asthma children which were adopted in the outpatient department, while the patients in intervention group received self management model for asthma children which was constructed by the researchers on the basis of routine treatment and nursing methods. Then the self management effect of asthma children was evaluated before and 6 months after intervention, and evaluation indicators were self management level and quality of life in asthma children,which were tested respectively by using the asthma children self management scale and the PAQLQ of Chinese version. Results：A total of 91 asthma children completed the whole intervention process,including 45 cases in intervention group, 46 cases in control group. The results showed that the scores of daily life, disease medicine, social psychological management and total score in intervention group were higher than those in control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0. 01）. The scores of symptoms,activity limitation,emotion score and total Score of PAQLQ questionnaire in intervention group were higher than those in control group （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion：Intervention with self management model for asthma children can improve their self management level and quality of life.