曹操陈留起兵史迹考辨

A Study of the Trace of Cao Cao'Uprising in Chenliu

史学界通常认为曹操于中平六年九月离京后直奔陈留聚众起兵,未曾回到家乡谯县,其原因是他有"规大河之南,以待其变"的战略意图,且需依赖盟主袁绍和陈留太守张邈的支持。但考证史籍可知,当时张邈尚未来到陈留,曹操出逃后曾返乡募兵,并遭到地方官吏缉捕。当年岁末张邈赴任陈留,曹操才携带家财和部众前往投奔,此时袁绍并未给他实际支援,而张邈是反卓战争的组织发起者,其辖区酸枣聚集的州郡联军是关东诸侯阵营中最强大的军事集团,这也是曹操起兵陈留的重要原因。

Chineses historical circle has a general saying about Cao Cao＇s uprising, held that when left the Capital Cao Cao went directly to Chenliu gathering up soldiers, and he did not return to his hometown Qiao county. The reason is he had grand strategy of integrating the south of the Yellow River and waiting for political changes. And he wanted the aids of the Overlord Yuan Shao and the chief Administor of Chenliu prefecture Zhang Miao. But what historical writings evidence is not this story. At that time Zhang Miao was not in Chenliu. When run off Cao Cao once returned to his hometown and raised troop,and even was listed as wanted by local officials. At the end of the year Zhang Miao went to his post in Chenliu, then Cao Cao came to him with his family, assets and army. Yuan Shao did not provide real support to Cao Cao at this moment. , it was Zhang Miao who organized launching anti-Dong Zhuo war. And the allied forces that assembled in the area under his jurisdiction, Suanzao, was the strongest military bloc among loyalis forces from Guandong region. This is also an important factor that Cao Cao revolted in Chenliu.