涤纶碱减量和染色一浴处理工艺研究

One bath dyeing and alkali deweighting process of polyester fabric

采用3只耐碱分散染料在高温条件下对涤纶进行碱减量和染色一浴处理,处理浴由分散染料和氢氧化钠组成,研究氢氧化钠和染料质量浓度及温度和时间等工艺因素对涤纶减量率、K/S值和色光的影响,测试涤纶的强力损失和色牢度,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察染色品表面形态结构。研究结果表明:涤纶的减量率随氢氧化钠质量浓度及温度和时间的增加而提高,分散橙HA耐碱性稍差,分散红HA-3B和分散蓝HA具有较强的耐碱性;涤纶在由分散染料和氢氧化钠组成的处理浴中进行染色和碱减量一浴加工的最佳工艺为氢氧化钠5 g/L,130℃保温60 min,碱减量处理后织物的减量率约为17.48%,强力损失约为22.07%,处理后涤纶纤维表面被"剥蚀"。

Three alkali-resistant disperse dyes were applied to conduct one bath dyeing and alkali deweighting process of polyester fabric. The treatment bath was composed of disperse dyes and sodium hydroxide. The effects of dosage of sodium hydroxide and disperse dyes, alkaline deweighting temperature and time on weight loss, K/S value and color of polyester fabrics were studied. The strength loss, washing and rubbing fastness of treated fabrics were tested. Besides, SEM was used to observe morphological structure of dyed products. The results show that the weight loss of polyester fabrics increases with the rise in the dosage of sodium hydroxide, alkaline deweighting temperature and time. The alkali-resistant performance of disperse orange HA is poorer than that of disperse red HA-3B and blue HA. Disperse red HA-3B and blue HA own strong alkali resistance. The optimal process of one bath dyeing and alkaline deweighting is as follows： sodium hydroxide 5 g/L, treatment at 130℃C for 60 min, the weight loss of polyester 17.48% , strength loss 22.07%. After the treatment, ＂chemical denudation＂ is found on the surface of polyester fiber.