四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液的脱盐工艺优化

Pharmacodynamics Investigation and Desalination Process Optimization of Ethanol Supernate of Mactra veneriformis

目的:优化四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液的电渗析脱盐工艺,分析脱盐前后的成分变化和安全性,为该资源的研究与开发提供参考。方法:以脱盐率、含固量转移率和氨基酸(以牛磺酸、丙氨酸计)转移率为综合评价指标,通过正交试验考察上样液质量浓度、药液p H和脱盐时间对电渗析脱盐工艺的影响,比较四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液脱盐前后成分的变化,采用急性毒性试验评价脱盐前后的安全性。结果:四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液的最佳脱盐工艺为药液质量浓度34.00 g·L^(-1),药液p H 4~5,脱盐时间1.5 h。脱盐率>90%,含固量转移率>65%,牛磺酸、丙氨酸保留率均>90%。脱盐前半数致死量(LD50)27.18 g·kg^(-1),经电渗析脱盐后最大耐受量37.48 g·kg^(-1)。结论:脱盐后的四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液毒性成分、盐分显著下降,效应物质基本保留,安全性明显提高。优选的脱盐工艺稳定可行,为该资源的后续研究与开发提供了理论依据。

Objective： To optimize desalination process of ethanol supernate of Mactra veneriformis, and analyze its changes in chemical composition and safety. Method： Taking desalination rate, transfer rates of solid content and amino acids （in the amount of taurine and alanine） as comprehensive evaluation index, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize desalination process with the concentration of sample solution, pH of liquid and desalination time as factors. Composition changes of ethanol supernate of M. veneriformis before and after desalination was compared, and its safety was evaluated by acute toxicity test. Result： The best desalination process was as follows： sample solution concentration of 34 g·L-1, pH of 4-5 and desalination time of 1.5 h.With optimum process for desalinating, desalination rate was over 90% , transfer rate of solid content was more than 65% , retention rates of taurine and alanine were more than 90%. Lethal dose （LD50） of ethanol supernate before desalination was 27.18 g·kg-1, while after desalination with electrodialysis, the maximum tolerated dose increased to 37.48 g · kg-1. Conclusion： Toxic ingredients in ethanol supernate of M. veneriformis after desalination reduce significantly, but at the same time, effective components still remain and safety has improved significantly. Optimized desalination process is stable and feasible, it can provide theoretical basis for further research and development of M. veneriformis.