低碳制冷剂研究及应用最新进展

State of the Art of Research and Applications of Low-carbon Refrigerants

制冷剂是制冷系统的血液。自从人类有了合成制冷剂之后,制冷技术得以快速发展,但也导致了诸如臭氧层破坏、全球变暖效应等环境问题的出现,给传统合成制冷剂带来严峻的挑战。本文结合最新出版的联合国环境规划署制冷空调热泵技术选择委员会撰写的"蒙特利尔议定书2014评估报告",2015年8月在日本横滨召开的国际制冷学会第24届国际制冷大会的有关学术报告以及2014年召开的国际制冷学会第11届自然制冷剂大会的学术报告,总结制冷剂研究及应用的最新进展,包括不同类型制冷装置采用不同制冷剂的现状,新型低碳制冷剂的热物性、传热特性、安全性,可燃制冷剂国际标准的最新进展,以及新型低碳制冷剂在使用中应注意的问题,未来制冷剂替代可能的趋势等。

Refrigerant is the blood of refrigeration systems. Since the synthetic refrigerants were developed, refrigeration technology has experienced a rapid development. However, this also brings environment problems, such as ozone depletion and global warming, which turns into the main challenges for traditional synthetic refrigerants. Based on the new version of the Montreal Protocol 2014 Assessment Report written by UNEP RTOC, the proceedings of the 25th Internation- Congress of Refrigeration 2015 and the llth IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants 2014, a review of the latest research and development of refrigerants was presented in this work. Different aspects were discussed including current situation of refrigerants in different types of refrigeration units, properties of novel low-carbon refrigerants, latest development of international standard for flammable refrigerants, issues that need concerning in the applica- tion of novel low-carbon refrigerants and the possible trends for alternative refrigerants.