优质、高产、抗病棉花新品种‘冀863’的性状分析

Traits Analysis of New Cotton Germplasm‘Ji863'with High Quality,High Yield, Disease Resistance, and Early Maturity

针对棉花生产上普遍存在的枯、黄萎病发生严重,纤维比强度偏低,马克隆值偏高以及缺乏早熟性较好的品种等问题,广泛搜集遗传背景丰富、筛选综合性状优良的种质资源作为亲本,利用杂交创造广泛变异,实现目的基因的重组,选择多个优良目标性状集于一体的后代材料,结合南繁北育,在重病圃进行全生育期抗病性鉴定、多点适应性鉴定等,培育出优质、高产、抗病、早熟性较好的抗虫棉花新品种‘冀863’。2006年参加冀中南春播棉花品种区域试验,2010年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。‘冀863’高产、抗病、早熟性好,符合纺织工业需要的AA型优质棉标准,各项纤维品质指标匹配合理,符合国家棉花品种审定规范Ⅱ型品质标准。与同期和近5年河北省审定的春播常规棉品种比较,具有整齐度指数高、断裂比强度强、马克隆值适宜、反射率高、纺纱均匀性指数高等优良纤维品质性状和早熟性好的特点。‘冀863’是适宜生产需要的综合性状优良的棉花品种,亦可作为培育新品种的优异种质资源材料。

Aiming at the common problems in cotton production, such as serious Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt, low fiber strength, too high micronaire and lack of earlier maturity varieties, different genetic background materials were collected and germplasms with good comprehensive characters were screened as the parent materials. Then, hybridization was conducted between selected parent materials to cultivate progeny materials with multiple excellent target traits and through many generations＇ south-reproduction and north-selection, evaluation of disease identifications, the high quality, resistance in the whole growth period early maturity, disease-resistance and and different environmental adapting high yield ＇Ji863＇ was cultivated. In 2006, the variety was adopted in the Mid-South of Hebei Province spring sowing cotton regional trial. Then it was approved by Hebei Breeding Examination and Approve Committee and was entitled ＇Ji863＇ in 2010. The fiber quality of ‘Ji863＇ conformed to the fiber quality type II specified by the National Variety Certification Standard for Cotton and AA grade in textile industry. Compared with other conventional spring cotton varieties approved in 2010 and in recent five years, ＇Ji863＇ had better fiber qualities and earlier maturity, such as higher uniformity index, higher fiber strength, higher reflectivity and more suitable spinning evenness index. ‘Ji863＇ was suitable for the production needs and had the best comprehensive properties.‘Ji863＇ was an excellent germplasm resource which could be used to breed more new varieties.