铅污染区学龄前儿童血铅暴露水平及其对儿童体格发育的影响

Association Between Blood Lead Levels in Children and Their Physical Development in a Lead-Contaminated Area

目的了解铅污染区学龄前儿童的血铅暴露水平,评估血铅暴露对儿童生长发育的影响。方法对铅污染区153例和对照地区150例学龄前儿童（3~6岁）,进行血铅水平检测,同时进行身高、体重、头围、胸围等指标测量分析。结果暴露组儿童血铅水平（14.42±6.92）μg·d L-1高于对照组（8.69±4.33）μg·d L-1,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;暴露组儿童血铅值≥10μg·d L-1者占69.9%（107/153）;高铅负荷（≥10μg·d L-1）和低铅负荷（〈10μg·d L-1）儿童比较,6岁儿童的头围（50.04±1.29）cm vs.（48.71±1.66）cm差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,和胸围（52.87±2.49）cm vs（51.70±3.35）cm差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;儿童的身高、年龄与血铅水平呈负相关。结论铅污染区学龄前儿童血铅负荷增高,高铅负荷可能影响儿童的生长发育;要预防铅污染区的儿童铅污染,保护儿童健康。

Objective To investigate the children＇s blood lead level in a lead-contaminated area and evaluate the effects of lead contamination on children＇ s health. Methods The health status of 153 children aged six years and lived in a lead-contaminated area and that of 150 children in normal area as a control group were observed. The blood lead level were determined by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. The height, weight, chest measurement, and head circumference of physical development survey was also performedin the two groups. Results Children living in lead-contaminated area had significantly higher blood lead levels than that of control group （14.42 ± 6.92）μg · dL-1 vs （8.69 ± 4.33 ） μg · dL-1（P 〈 0.05）. In lead-contaminated area 69.9% of children （107/153） blood lead levels had greater than or equal to 10 μg · dL-1 Children＇ s head circumferences and chest circumferences of 6-year- old with blood lead levels ≥ 10 μg ·dL-1 was significantly higher than that in blood lead levels 〈 10 μg· dL-1 [head circumferences： （50. 04 ± 1. 29） cm vs （48. 71 ± 1. 66） cm（P 〈0. 05）; chest circumferences ： （52.87 ±2.49） cm vs （51.70 ± 3.35 ） cm （P 〈 0. 05 ） ]. Children＇ s height and age were negative correlation to children＇ s blood lead levels. Conclusion The blood lead level was significantly high in the lead-contaminated area children, which has threatened the health of children in lead-contaminated area,and the measures should be made to reduce lead pollution and protect the children health.