2015年奉贤区梨花期异常气候对开花坐果影响的调查分析

Effect of Abnormal Climate on Fruit Blossom over Pear Flowering Stage in Fengxian District in 2015

为了解决梨花期气候异常波动引起的坐果数偏少的问题,以2015年上海金冠蜜梨种植园的5种梨树品种为材料,对蜜梨开花期、坐果数进行实地调查,并将调查结果与奉贤地区的实测气温、降水量、日照时数、天气现象进行对比分析。结果表明,适宜开花坐果的气候条件为持续3~4天以上以晴为主或晴雨相间天气,开花后前3天或开花盛期的日平均气温应≤15℃,最高气温应≤25℃;子房发育期遇冰粒天气有受冻现象,易产生劣质果。梨开花期遇温度过高使花期缩短而影响坐果数,冰粒天气对果实商品性有较大的影响,通过花粉树间作、嫁接、人工授粉、利用小气候效应调节花期等栽培措施,可避开和减轻开花坐果期不利天气的影响,提高坐果数和果实商品性。

In order to solve the problem of fewer fruit setting number which was caused by abnormallyfluctuated climate over the flowering stage of honey pear, the authors took 5 pear varieties from ShanghaiJinguan Honey Pear Plantations in 2015 as the materials, investigated the pear flowering stage and fruit settingnumber and comparatively analyzed the relationship between field investigation and the meteorologicalobservation data in Fengxian area. The results showed that the suitable climate conditions for flowering andfruit setting were over 3-4 consecutive days of sunshine or sunny weather alternated with rain. The dailyaverage temperature and the maximum temperature of the first 3 days in flowering stage or the peak period offlowering were no more than 15℃ and 25℃, respectively. In the ovary development period, it was easy toproduce bad fruit when there was ice weather, and ice weather had greater influence on commercial fruit. Thefruit setting number was cut down when high temperature occurred in pear blossom stage and shortened theflowering stage. Through cultivation measures like the pollen tree intercropping, grafting, artificial pollination,and the flowering stage regulated by microclimate effect etc, the influence of bad weather in blossom and fruitsetting period could be avoided, and the commodity value and fruit setting number could be promoted.