优化组合药剂防治水稻重大病虫害技术研究

Study on Combinative Application Technique of Pesticides Against Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Rice

探索完善药剂在防治水稻病虫害过程中的优化组合用药技术,为水稻生产上减少化学农药投入和提高种粮效益提供依据。本研究在早稻、单季晚稻、连作晚稻上分别实施水稻重大病虫害全程组合用药防治技术,对秧苗素质、病虫害防治效果、稻田蜘蛛种群动态、稻谷产量、防治工本药本、农药使用量、种粮效益等方面进行综合评估测算。研究结果表明：在有效控制纹枯病、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟等重大病虫害的基础上,优化组合用药技术的利用可减少防治次数2~3次,降低化学农药使用量20.88%~56.85%,同时还能提高秧苗素质,促进水稻生长,维护稻田蜘蛛种群动态平衡,并增加稻谷产量483.30~945 kg/hm2,实现节本增收增效1186.05~3690元/hm2。根据稻田生产实际需要,合理实施水稻重大病虫害组合用药技术是当前水稻生产上实现农药减量、农业增效的有效措施,具有较好的经济、社会、生态效益。

The study aims to explore and optimize the technique of combinative application of pesticidesagainst major diseases and insect pests of rice, which could provide basis for decreasing chemical pesticidesapplication amount and improving the benefit of rice production. The experiments of combinative application ofpesticides were carried out to evaluate seedling quality, controlling effect, population dynamics of spider, yield,cost, pesticides usage amount and economic benefit in early rice, single-season late rice and continuouscropping late rice production, respectively. The results showed that the combinative application of pesticidescould effectively control the banded sclerotial blight, rice fulgorid, rice leaf roller, stem borer and so on, itcould also reduce 2 or 3 times of spray and decrease 20.88%-56.85% pesticides application amount, as well asimprove seedling quality, promote rice growth, maintain the balance of spider population dynamics, increaserice yield by 483.30-945 kg/hm^2, increase the benefit by 1186.05-3690 yuan/hm^2 at the same time. In conclusion, the plan of combinative application of pesticides could decrease chemical pesticides applicationamount, increase agricultural production efficiency and gain satisfied economic, social and ecological benefits.