通气对土壤肥力质量影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Aeration Impact on Soil Fertility Quality

肥力是土壤的基本属性,土壤肥力质量及其影响因素研究对农业高产、稳产具有重要意义。土壤"通气"状况,是影响土壤肥力质量的四大因素之一,越来越受到研究者重视。笔者介绍了土壤肥力质量评价指标和通气指标;通气协调土壤水、肥、热状况,控制土壤有机质的分解速度和分解产物,促进作物高产;通气方法包括物理加气、机械加气、化学加气、文丘里管加气和移动式地下滴灌加气;已有研究结果表明通气提高作物产量和品质,其机理是促进作物地上部光合作用及光合产物的积累运转、促进根系生长发育及对土壤矿质元素吸收和增加土壤微生物群落多样性及酶活性;今后需进一步研发性能优良、实用性强的加气设备,从盆栽、微区研究扩展至农田,服务于农业生产。

Soil fertility is an essential attribute of soil, the study on soil fertility quality and its impact factors isimportant. Aeration is one of the four important factors that affecting soil productivity, and it is attractingincreasing attention in the research field. Soil fertility quality evaluation index and soil aeration index wereintroduced in this paper. Soil aeration could co-ordinate water, fertility and heat conditions, and control soilorganic matter decomposition rate and the decomposition products, which could promote high yield. Soilaeration methods included physical, mechanical, chemical, venturi tube and the removable subsurface drip-irrigation device system. Many research results showed that aeration treatment could promote crop yield andquality, the mechanism was the promotion of photosynthesis, the accumulation and revolve of photosynthate,the enhancement of root system growth and development and its absorption of mineral elements, and theincrease of soil microbial community diversity and enzymatic activity. Aerated equipment with highperformance and practicability should be developed to serve agricultural production by being extended frompot culture and microcell study to cropland.