农田土壤机械压实及改进技术

Farmland Soil Mechanized Compaction and Improvement Techniques

近年来随着农业机械化水平的快速提高,土壤机械压实问题越来越突出。通过分析机组轴载荷、进地次数、高湿作业等产生土壤机械压实的原因,阐述了机械压实后土壤容重、坚实度、孔隙度、含水率等物理特性的变化以及引起的机组作业阻力的增加、油耗上升、对作物生长的不利影响等负面作用,提出了在农业机械化技术方面采用固定道作业系统、减轻机器质量、采用低压轮胎、避免土壤高湿时机耕作业、采取联合作业等和在农艺技术方面增加土壤有机质、加强作物轮作等减轻土壤压实的农机与农艺技术融合措施,改善土壤压实情况,确保农业生产的可持续性并获得较好的效益。

In recent years, soil mechanized compaction is becoming an increasingly prominent problem withthe rapid development of agricultural mechanization. Through the analysis of the reasons of soil compactioncaused by tractor-unit＇s shaft load, pass numbers and operation in wet soil, the soil changes were expoundedincluding physical properties of soil bulk density, hardness, porosity, moisture content and so on, which causedthe increase of the tractor-unit operation resistance and the raise of fuel consumption, and a negative impact oncrop growth. Some synthesized measures were put forward, including agricultural mechanization techniquessuch as the operation system of fixed path, the reduction of machine mass, the use of low-pressure tires,avoiding operation in high humidity field and adopting joint operations, as well as agronomic techniques suchas increasing soil organic matter and crop rotation, to improve soil compaction, ensure sustainable agriculturaldevelopment and obtain better results of crop production.