西藏传统城镇类型与形成机制研究

Study on the Types and the Forming Mechanism of Traditional Towns in Tibet

和平解放之前的西藏是中国城镇最不发达地区,城镇数量少且规模很小,功能不全。按照西藏传统城镇的形成机制和主要功能,可以划分为宗堡型城镇、寺院型城镇、边贸型城镇和驿站型城镇四种主要类型,其中以宗堡与寺院形成的二元空间格局为西藏传统城镇的代表模式,其复合型功能是西藏近现代城镇的发展基础,而其他城镇类型则可能因为所承担的功能较为单一,在社会制度变革、社会经济发展以及交通环境改善的过程中趋向衰落。

The Traditional towns in Tibet before peaceful liberation were in very initial stage in functions and numbers due to the social system and geograpgic features. By analysis of the forming elements and mechanim,the traditional towns in Tibet are divided into four types,such as Dzong oriented twon,monastery oriented town,boundary town and caravansary town. The author also indicates that the affecting elements which hindered the development of the towns are mainly related to the caesaropapism system in Tibet,but the social change also contributes to the slow growth of the towns in and sefdom Tibet.