关于土地科学学科名称的讨论

Discussion on Renaming the Land Science Discipline

研究目的:通过分析当前围绕土地科学学科名称的讨论,提出土地科学学科建设的关键问题和主要方向。研究方法:针对有关学科升级引出的学科属性和名称的讨论,采取比较研究、逻辑推演和案例分析的方法,从学科独立性标准出发,研究土地科学学科名称和土地科学学科升级的关系,揭示土地科学学科升级的本质。研究结果:(1)学科分类国家标准是学科分类的基础和关键标准,教学科目目录中的学科分类服从于学科分类的国家标准,两者需要分别讨论;(2)决定土地科学学科能否成为独立学科或"一级学科"的条件,关键是其有无学科独立性,即是否具有"相对独立的知识体系",并不由学科名称决定;(3)有关"水利工程"和"环境科学与工程"路径选择决定论的"故事",只是一种"臆想",缺乏事实根据。研究结论:土地科学学科升级的核心是学科体系研究和学科建设研究的升级,方向是开展土地科学学科独立性的研究,关键是能够研究提出具有学科独立性的"证据"。

The purpose of this paper is to put forward the key problems and the main directions of land science discipline construction through the discussion on renaming the land science discipline. The methods employed include comparative analysis, deduction and case study. The results indicate that 1） The National Standard of Disciplinary Classification and Coding of People’s Republic of China（GB/T13745-2009） is the basis and key standard for classifying the disciplinary. It determines the classification of the lecturing subjects. Therefore, the two types of classification need to be treated differently; 2） whether the land science discipline can be an independent discipline or the “first-class discipline”, the key is the presence of its discipline independence, i.e., whether it is “relatively independent knowledge system”; 3） the stories on the route choice determinism of the hydraulic engineering discipline and the environmental science and engineering discipline are fantasy without any practical evidence. The paper concludes that the core of the land science discipline upgrading should aim at promoting the research level of discipline system and discipline development. The direction is to carry out the independent research of land science discipline, and the key is to put forward the evidences showing the disciplinary independence.