中耳胆脂瘤发病机制研究进展

Advance research on the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma

中耳胆脂瘤是颞骨内异常生长的角质化鳞状上皮对周围骨质渐进性破坏的一种良性病变,其特点是上皮细胞强烈的增殖后,角蛋白碎片大量沉积且经一系列复杂的生理生化反应对周围组织进行破坏和侵蚀,从而造成多种颅内外并发症,如听力下降、前庭功能障碍、面神经损害、脑脓肿等。其在耳鼻咽喉科属常见病、多发病。

Summary Cholesteatoma is a non-neoplastic, keratinizing lesion, characterized by the proliferation of epithe- lium with aberrant micro-architecture into the middle ear or mastoid cavity. The exact pathogenic molecular mech- anisms behind the formation and propagation of cholesteatoma remain unclear. Without timely detection and inter- vention, cholesteatomas can become dangerous and result in numerous intracranial and extracranial complications. In this review, the current researches about inflammatory mediators, enzymatic activity, growth factors, oxidative stress,infection and genetics in acquired cholesteatoma pathogenesis are discussed.