对国际体育仲裁院裁决“杜迪案”的法理思考

Juridical Contemplation of the Dutee Case Arbitrated by the Court of Arbitration of Sport

国际田联曾在2012年伦敦奥运会前针对雄性激素过多症的女性运动员参赛资格做出了限制性规定,指出雄性过多症的女性运动员只能通过药物或手术的方式控制体内雄性激素才能获得女性比赛参赛资格。印度女子田径运动员杜迪·昌德因其体内雄性激素超标而被拒绝参加女性比赛。2015年10月国际体育仲裁院就印度女子田径运动员杜迪·昌德诉印度田联和国际田联一案做出裁决,认为:在已有的证据下,不能因杜迪·昌德身体内源性雄性激素超标而被剥夺其参赛资格,并裁定国际田联两年内不得适用有关限制雄性激素过多症女性运动员获得参赛资格的规定。该案的争议点涉及《规定》不允许雄性激素过多症的女性运动员参加女性比赛是否构成歧视;其中判断"女性雄性激素过多症"的实体标准是否合理有据;上述争议点的举证责任如何分配、应采取何种证明标准。国际体育仲裁院认为该裁决对体育法理论与实践的发展发挥积极作用,包括加强规则实质审查,实现双重公正功能;坚持体育行业自治,实现维持平衡功能;重视运动员参赛资格,实现权利保障功能。

Before London Olympic Games in 2012,IAAF declared a regulation that restricted eligibility of woman＇s game for hyperandrogenism,only ifthey treated by medicine or surgery to gain the eligibility of woman＇s Games. Indian athletics player Dutee was eliminated by the application of that regulation.In October 2015,CAS ruled the Dutee disputes,under the existing files,Dutee cannot be rejected of her eligibility for hyperandrogenism,and IAAF regulationsgoverning eligibility of females with hyperandrogenism to compete in women＇s competition has been suspended for a period of no longer than two years.Issues of this dispute are whether there exist any discrimination of female athletes for hyperandrogenism according to regulation; how to justify substantivestandards for hyperandrogenism; and how to distribute the burden of proof,or which standards of proof should be applied. This award indicates that CAS hasplayed the vital role in theories and practices of the international sports law,such as enhancing the substantive review of rules for realizing double justice,persisting in the autonomy of sport for keeping balance,and emphasizing on eligibility of athletes for protecting their rights.