大班幼儿在自由游戏中同伴交往策略的调查研究

Investigation on Pre-schoolers' Peer Interaction Strategies in Free Games

大班幼儿的自由游戏包括角色游戏、结构游戏和体育游戏,在自由游戏中幼儿使用的策略包括互惠策略、告状策略、语言策略、吸引策略和攻击策略等。研究显示:在自由游戏中,大班幼儿更多地使用互惠的策略,而攻击的策略使用最少,但大班男孩使用攻击策略的频次明显多于女孩,大班女孩往往多使用语言的策略。具体而言,大班幼儿在角色游戏中多使用互惠、语言的策略,在结构游戏中对于攻击的策略使用的较多,在体育游戏中使用最多的是告状的策略。为此,应从以下几方面提升大班幼儿在自由游戏中同伴交往能力:干预训练,提高解决同伴冲突能力;精设游戏,创设良好同伴交往机会;积极引导,发挥典型榜样示范作用;家园合作,提供优秀亲子互动媒介。

Preshool children free games include role-playing games, structure games and sports games. Strategies adopted by children in free games include mutual benefit strategies, complain strategies, language strategies,attraction strategies and attack strategies. According to some investigations on preschoolers＇ free games, in the first place, there is an increasing use of the mutual benefit strategies, followed by complain strategies, language strategies, attraction strategies. Attack strategies are least frequently used. In role-play games, preschoolers tend to use mutual benefit strategies and language strategies. In structure games, preschoolers tend to use attack strategies.In PE games, preschoolers tend to use complain strategies. However, in free games, boys tend to use more attack strategies in peer interaction while girls tend to use more language strategies. In view of the above conclusion, the following suggestions are put forward to enhance preschoolers＇ peer interaction abilities in free games： First,intervention training to improve preschoolers＇ abilities in terms of solving peer conflicts. Second, careful and elaborate design to create good peer interaction opportunities. Third, active guidance to give full play to typical model demonstration. Finally, cooperation of home and kindergarten to provide good parent-child interactive media.