社会偏好分布与共识达成的描述性模型——箱线模型的建构及应用

A Descriptive Model of Social Preference Distribution and the Process of Coming to a Consensus——The Construction and Application of Box-plot Models

本文以统计学中的箱线图为基础符号构建模型,用以描述社会对某一问题的偏好和社会对该问题达成共识的过程,并在此基础上生发出对社会偏好变迁和个体特征的描述。本文为了更好地展现箱线模型的用法,以财产权相关政策和言论自由权利为例,分别说明了箱线模型如何描述协商中目标问题各个要素间的关系、目标问题的社会偏好随情境变化而变化;又以未完全理论化协议和交叠共识为例展示了箱线模型在描述协商、共识相关理论时的功用;最后总结了箱线模型的优势与局限。

Using box-plot, we try to construct a model to describe the social preference of a certain issue and how people reach to a consensus regarding it. We take property policies and the right of expression as examples to illustrate how box-plot models reveal the relationship of different factors in negotiation and how social preference distribution changes when social backgrounds change. Box-plot models can also be used to explain theories of negotiation and consensus such as theories in Incompletely Theorized Agreement(CASS R. SUNSTEIN) and Overlapping Consensus(John Rawls).