职业潜水员心理健康测评维度构建与量表的初步编制

The development of the mental health structure and scale for commercial divers

目的:基于积极心理健康理论,构建职业潜水员心理健康评估的维度,并编制适用于职业潜水员的心理健康评估量表。方法:采用文献综述、半结构式访谈、开放式问卷调查和专家咨询相结合的方法,构建职业潜水员心理健康评估的维度与项目,并以此为基础采用Likert5级评分法编制职业潜水员心理健康评估量表。从上海、烟台、广州打捞局选取270例职业潜水员,进行施测。采用SPSS16.0,Amos4.0对采集的数据进行项目分析、信度及效度检验。结果:(1)通过项目分析和探索性因素分析,职业潜水员心理健康评估量表由心理症状和积极心理两个分量表下12个维度90个项目构成;(2)心理症状量表的Cronbach’sα为0.983,分半信度为0.956;积极心理量表的Cronbach’sα为0.836,分半信度为0.825,说明量表具有较好的信度;(3)各维度得分与分量表总相关性分析显示存在中度相关,说明量表具有较好的内容效度;验证性因素分析显示,各维度CMIN/DF均小于3,GFI、NFI、RFI、IFI、TLI、CFI均大于0.9,RMSEA均小于0.08,模型各拟合度良好,说明量表具有良好的结构效度。结论:初步完成了职业潜水员心理健康评估的维度构建与量表编制工作,且量表具有较好的信效度。

Objective： Based on the theory of positive psychological mental health, to explore the structure of mental health of commercial divers, and develop a Mental Health Scale for them. Methods： Literature review, semi-structured interview, open questionnaire as well as experts consultation were used to construct the structures and items for commercial divers＇ mental health. 270 commercial divers from Shanghai,Yantai,Guangzhou Salvage Bureau were selected to participate in the test. Item analysis, reliability and exploratory factor analysis were conducted by SPSS16.0, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted analyzed by Amos4.0. Results：（1） The structure of mental health scale consisted of two dimensions which include 6 sub-dimensions respectively, there were 90 items in the whole scale.（2）The Cronbach＇s α of psychological symptoms subscale was 0.983, and Half-split coefficient was 0.956. The Cronbach＇s α of positive psychology subscale was〈 0.836, and Half-split coefficient was 0.825,indicating good reliability;（3）Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the index of CMIN/DF〈 3,GFI, NFI,RFI,IFI,TLI,CFI 〉0.9, and RMSEA 0.08 in every dimensions,indicating good fit of the model. Conclusions： The mental health scale for commercial divers was completed with good reliability and validity.