两岸现行相互认可与执行民事判决法律制度的分歧及其解决路径

The Divergence of the Current Mutual Recognition and Enforcement of Civil Judgment Legal System on Both Sides of the Strait and the Solutions

解决区际民事判决的认可与执行问题,我国目前没有采取统一制定区际私法的立法模式,而是采用一对一分别解决的方式。大陆地区与台湾地区现阶段实行的是两种根本不同的社会制度、法律制度差异较大,分属两个不同的法域,故而两岸在认可与执行民事判决的范围、民事判决的审查方式与审查标准以及在已被认可的民事确定判决是否取得既判力等法律规定上均存在分歧。两岸应该尽快共同签署民事判决的相互认可与执行协议、完善两岸各自现有的单边立法以及建立两岸司法机关定期会晤和沟通的专门机制,以彻底解决两岸民商事判决相互认可与执行中所存在的法律制度缺陷的问题。

Regarding the recognition and enforcement of civil judgments, there is not a national statute to deal with the inter-regional conflict of laws among regions with different legal system in China. Instead China has adopted the oneto-one method to deal with this issue among different regions. At present, the legal system of China's Mainland differs from that of Taiwan in many ways. There is a substantial divergence respecting the recognition and enforcement of civil judg- ments between these two regions, including the scope of civil judgments, the ways of investigation, the standards of inves- tigation, res judicata, and etc. In order to solve the existing problems in this respect, I propose in this article that steps should be taken to improve the recognition and enforcement of civil judgement between China's Mainland and Taiwan： sig- ning inter-regional agreements, perfecting the existing legislation of each side, and establishing a specialized mechanism for regular meeting and communication between the judicial organs.