荷兰的养老金改革:政府主导下的市场参与

Pension Reforms in the Netherlands:A Multi-polar and Multi-layered System Based on Universal Public Pension Scheme

为了应对金融危机带来的压力,荷兰继续深化改革养老金制度,改革服务于多种目标:短期的削减开支与长期的公共部门紧缩;扩大养老金的覆盖率并维持保障水平,同时增加就业率和劳动力市场的灵活性;依托荷兰发达的金融业,在国家继续承担基本保障的基础上更加充分地发挥市场的作用,并让个人承担更多的投资风险。这些改革措施既没有改变荷兰养老保障体系多支柱多层次的特色,也没有动摇国家在社会保障领域的主导地位,其成功的经验恰恰在于在政府的主导和监管之下灵活有效地利用市场资源。

The Netherlands has taken various measures to counterbalance the consequences of the financial crisis,aimed primarily at cutting down expenditure in the short term and public spending in the long term,expanding the coverage of pension system while maintaining the retirement benefits as well as encouraging employment and increasing flexibility of the labor market,and boosting the mobilization of the market resources to provide supplementary retirement income with the public pension safeguarding the basic living standard for the retired.Therefore,the measures that have been taken so far have neither altered the multipolar and multi—layered structure of the Netherlands' pension system,nor undermined the leading role of the government in the field of social policy.