稻米砷污染控制技术研究进展

Review of pollution-control technology for arsenic in rice

我国土壤砷污染较为严重,全国砷含量超标的稻米占1%左右。由于我国60%以上的居民以稻米为主食,导致居民稻米砷的暴露较为严重,因此降低稻米中砷含量是亟待解决问题。简述了我国稻米砷污染状况及其对人体的危害,分析土壤中砷向水稻转运的途径,重点介绍通过降低土壤砷生物有效性、抑制水稻根系对砷的吸收、叶面肥阻隔控制以及农业措施降低稻米砷含量的控制效果,并展望了下一步稻米砷污染控制技术的研究方向。

Soil arsenic contamination has been more seriously in China, and the proportion of rice with excessive arsenic content is about 1%. Over 60% of residents depend on rice as their staple in China, which has resulted in serious arsenic exposure of rice. Therefore, the study on how to reduce the content of arsenic in rice is very important and meaningful. In this paper, the status quo and damage of rice arsenic contamination was simply introduced, and the migration pathway of arsenic from soil to rice also was analyzed. Moreover, four methods used to reduce content of arsenic in rice including reducing the arsenic bioavailability in soil, inhibiting rice absorption for arsenic, barrier controlling of the foliar fertilizer and agricultural measures were introduced in detail. At last, the research direction of rice arsenic contamination control technology was prospected.