水分胁迫对苦参生长生理及有效成分的影响

Effects of water stress on growth and physiological-biochemical characteristics of Sophora flavescens Ait.

采用盆栽试验,设置轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱和正常灌水处理,测定苦参生物量、根长、株高、小叶数、叶绿素、脯氨酸及总黄酮、生物总碱等指标,研究水分胁迫对苦参生长及生理生化特性的影响.结果表明,水分胁迫对苦参的生长与生物量产生了显著的影响,在轻度胁迫条件下,苦参根长、株高、小叶数均有不同程度的增加,并显著促进生物量生长,而中度、重度胁迫则显著抑制苦参生长;随着胁迫程度加剧,轻度、中度、重度水分胁迫处理下苦参叶片的叶绿素含量分别下降2.20％、10.14％、40.51％,而脯氨酸含量逐步增加,轻度胁迫处理的脯氨酸含量与对照差异不显著,中度、重度胁迫处理的脯氨酸含量急剧增加,分别为对照的2.4257、10.6920倍;随着水分胁迫的加重,苦参总黄酮和生物总碱含量逐渐减少,轻度、中度、重度胁迫下苦参总黄酮含量分别降低23.25％、47.47％、55.09％,生物总碱含量分别降低19.95％、23.12％、51.78％.说明苦参具有较强的水分适应性和抗旱能力,且在适度缺水（土壤含水量在土壤田间持水量的50％～75％）有助于苦参生物量生长及有效成分积累.

To study the effects of water stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Sophoraflavescens Air., the biomass, root length, plant height, number of leaflets, chlorophyll, proline and flavonoids, alkaloids of S.flavescens were measured under three water stresses （ light drought, moderate drought, severe drought ） and nomal irrigation in a pot experiment. The results showed that under light drought stress condition, the root length, plant height, number of leaflets got varying degrees of increase, and the biomass was significantly promoted. However, the growth of S.flavescens was significantly inhibited under moderate, severe stress. With the increase of stress level, in the light, moderate and severe drought stress treatments, chlorophyll contents decreased by 2.20%, 10.14%, 40.51%. Proline content of light water stress treatment had no significant difference with CK, but proline contents of moderate, severe water stress increased dramatically, respectively were 2.4257 and 10.6920 times of CK. The contents of total flavonoids and alkaloids of S. flavescens decreased as the drought intensifiing, with the content of total flavonoids reduced by 23.25%, 47.47%,55.09% respectively, and the content of alkaloid reduced by 19.95%, 23.12%, 51.78% respectively. These results suggest that S. flavescens had strong osmotic stress resistance ability and drought resistant ability. The soil moisture content in 50%-75% of soil field capacity, would contribute to the biomass growth and accumulation of effective components.