2013—2014年杭州市公共场所集中空调军团菌污染特征

Characteristics of Legionella Pollution of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Some Public Places of Hangzhou, 2013-2014

[目的]了解杭州市公共场所集中空调冷却水和冷凝水中军团菌污染情况。[方法]2013—2014年7、8月,随机采集杭州市30家公共场所集中空调冷却水、冷凝水各30份。根据WS 394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》附录A检测军团菌,并对集中空调使用及管理情况进行调查。[结果]冷却水和冷凝水水样中军团菌检出率分别为33.33%(10/30)和13.33%(4/30),14份阳性样本均为嗜肺军团菌。集中空调使用年限越长,军团菌检出率越高(Z=1.794,P=0.036)。进行清洗消毒后冷却水军团菌检出率为26.09%(6/23),低于未进行者(100.00%,7/7)(P=0.001)。[结论]杭州市公共场所集中空调系统军团菌污染较严重,分布较广。

[ Objective ] To investigate the Legionella pollution in cooling water and condensate water of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places of Hangzhou. [ Methods ] A total of 30 cooling water samples and 30 condensate water samples were collected from 30 public buildings of Hangzhou in July and August from 2013 to 2014. Based on the Appendix A of the Hygienic Specification of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings （WS 394-2012）, Legionella in water samples was tested, and the usage and management of the central air conditioning ventilation systems were also investigated. [ Results ] The positive rates of Legionella in cooling water and condensate water were 33.33% （10/30） and 13.33% （4/30） respectively, and the 14 positive samples were all Legionella pneumophila positive. Longer service life of the central air conditioning ventilation systems was associated with greater Legionella positive rate （Z=1.794, P=0.036）. The Legionella positive rate was statistically different between having cooling water sterilized （26.09%, 6/23） or not （100.00%, 7/7） （P=0.001）. [ Conclusion ] Serious and widely distributed Legionella pollution is found in the central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places of Hangzhou.