北京市某区2011—2014年农药中毒的情况分析

Analysis on Pesticide Poisonings in One District of Beijing, 2011-2014

[目的]了解近年北京市某区农药中毒现状、中毒原因,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学的依据。[方法]统计分析2011至2014年北京市职业病网络直报系统中报告的该区农药中毒病例。对生产性农药中毒患者中毒原因进行调查。[结果]2011至2014年全区共报告农药中毒359例,中毒率90.3/10万,男性74.4/10万;女性106.4/10万;城区中毒43例,中毒率为39.0/10万,农村中毒316例,中毒率为110.0/10万,女性中毒率高于男性（χ-2=11.3,P〈0.05）,农村高于城区（χ-2=39 940.054,P=0.000）。30-70岁中毒的人占总中毒例数的68.2%（245/359）。农闲季节的中毒124例,农忙季节的中毒235例,两者分布差异有统计学意义（χ-2=314.287,P=0.000）。生产性农药中毒原因前5位的是不使用防护用品、不退步打药、不阅读标签、不隔行打药及徒手配药。[结论]应重点在农忙季节对农村30-70岁的人群进行农药中毒健康教育和健康促进,以减少各种类型农药中毒的发生。

[ Objective ] To describe the pesticide poisoning situation and causes in a district of Beijing in recent years, and to provide scientific evidence for making effective preventive measures. [ Methods ] The registration data of pesticide poisonings in one district of Beijing during 2011-2014 were retrieved from Beijing occupational diseases reporting network to perform statistical analysis. The causes of occupational pesticide poisoning were also investigated. [ Results ] A total of 359 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported from 2011 to 2014 in the district with an overall poisoning rate of 90.3/100 000. The poisoning rate of female （106.4/100 000） was higher than that of male （74.4/100 000） （χ^2= 11.3, P 〈 0.05）. There were 43 cases reported in urban section and 316 cases in rural section, and the poisoning rate in rural section （110.0/100 000） was higher than that in urban section （39.0/100 000） （χ^2=39 940.054, P 〈 0.001）. The poisoning patients aged between 30-70 years old accounted for 68.2% （245/359） of total cases. Moreover, 124 cases were reported in slack farming season, and 235 cases in busy farming season; there was a statistical difference in the distribution of pesticide poisonings between the two seasons （χ^2=314.287, P 〈 0.001）. Not using protective equipment, not stepping back when applying pesticides, not reading labels, not spraying pesticides in alternative rows, and preparing pesticides without gloves were the top five causes of occupational pesticide poisoning. [ Conclusion ] Health education and health promotion are suggested to reduce various kinds of pesticide poisoning among the farmers between 30-70 years old in busy farming season.