手术部位感染危险因素及预防

Risk factors and prevention of surgical site infection

手术部位感染(SSI)是外科最常见的术后并发症,其一旦发生将增加病人的住院时间、医疗费用、术后并发症发生率和病死率。随着手术难度及复杂度逐渐增高,假体植入逐渐增多,免疫抑制剂和激素类药物的广泛应用以及抗生素的不合理使用等一系列临床问题,均增加了SSI的发生率;同时,微创外科、加速康复外科快速发展,也给SSI的预防带来了新的挑战。因此,SSI的预防应引起社会及医院的重视。应针对SSI制定并推广规范化的诊治措施,从预测、诊断、围手术期管理、术中操作等环节预防SSI,在病人、医护人员、环境各个层面综合管理,有效减少SSI的发生。

Surgical site infection （SSI） is the most common complication after surgical operation. It can cause the increasement of hospitalization expense, extension of hospitalization time and the incidence and mortality of postoperative complications. The increasing of the difficulty and complexity of surgery, transfer technique and prosthesis implantation, immunosuppressant and hormones used widely and misuse of antibiotics may increase the incidence of SSI. With the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery （ERAS）, prevent SSI are facing new challenges. So SSI should cause the attention of the society and hospitals. With the improvement of medical treatment level, the standardized treatment measures of SSI should be formulated and implemented. SSI should be prevented from forecast, diagnosis, perioperative managemant. SSI shoule be managed comprehensively in every level of patients, medical staff and environment.