欧盟职业足球俱乐部政府补助的法律规制及其借鉴

Legal Regulation of the State Aid on Professional Football Club in EU and Its Reference

欧盟委员会对荷兰和西班牙职业足球俱乐部的政府补助调查,将政府补助职业体育的问题摆在我们的面前。作为欧洲体育的一部分,欧洲职业足球俱乐部应当受到欧盟法律的规制。对欧洲职业足球俱乐部展开的非法政府补助的调查,以及将来可能出台的处罚决定,其所依据和适用的法律也应当是欧盟现有有关政府补助的法律规则。欧洲政府补助的界定、政府补助的必要性及其法律规制,以及其与职业体育之间的关系等问题,亟需得到解决。我国职业体育目前正处在改革发展时期,需要得到一定的政府补助。目前,我国政府财政资金直接扶持职业足球俱乐部的做法争议较大,我国迫切需要将政府对职业足球俱乐部的扶持和补助纳入到法治的轨道中来。我国职业体育的政府补助应当以职业体育市场的公平竞争为基本原则,不断体现政府补助的"公共利益"取向。应当转变自身观念,不能再将职业体育俱乐部仅视为提供竞技体育赛事的商业实体,而应当将其视为能够为所在地经济、社会、文化等各方面均带来收益的准公共组织。我国应当借鉴欧盟法律的经验,构建职业体育政府补助法律规则。

The European Commission＇s state aid investigations into Dutch and Spanish football clubs will be in front of us. As part of the European sports, European foothall club should be subject to regulation of EU law. The definition of state aid, the necessity of state aid and its legal regulation, and the relationship between them, and so on, need to be resolved. At present the government funds to support the direct football club practice is controversial. China is in urgent need of the support and government subsidies on football club into the orbit of the rule of law. China＇s professional sports are in the period of reform and development, they need to get a certain state aid. But the state aids of the professional sports in China should be based on the fair competition in the professional sports market, and constantly reflect the public interest orientation of the state aid. We should change the idea itself can no longer be professional sports club merely to provide sports events of the business entity, and shall be regarded as to all aspects of the local economy, society and culture are benefits of quasi public organizations. China should draw lessons from the experience of the EU law, and establish the legal rules on state aids in professional sports.