基于跆拳道运动员时程特征的返回抑制机制研究

Mechanism of Inhibition of Return Based on the Duration Characteristics of the Taekwondo Athletes

目的:借助返回抑制范式,通过试验研究跆拳道运动员返回抑制的时程特征,进而从理论上对返回抑制的发生机制及其跨情景和跨人群的稳定性进行探讨,并试图为返回抑制与实践结合提供可靠支持。方法:试验一,采用4因素混合试验设计,通过改进返回抑制的基本范式,增加跆拳道背景,探讨跆拳道运动员返回抑制的时程特点,以挖掘返回抑制的机制,为跆拳道腿法组合的改进提供理论支持;试验二,在试验一基础上采用3因素混合试验设计,通过变换4个时间间隔(时程),分析跆拳道运动员与普通大学生在返回抑制上出现差异的原因。结合2个试验结果,还可以探讨返回抑制发生的稳定性。结果:线索和人群的主效应均显著且两者之间交互作用显著,跆拳道运动员反应时显著短于普通大学生,且仅分析跆拳道运动员数据时未出现返回抑制,线索与抑制机制交互作用显著;线索和时间间隔的主效应均显著,跆拳道运动员和普通大学生均出现返回抑制,在时间间隔为300 ms时反应时最长,900 ms时反应时最短。结论:返回抑制的发生机制既基于客体又基于位置,且具有跨情景和部分跨人群稳定性。跆拳道运动员在实战时应避免2次出腿的时间间隔为900 ms,且2次出腿最好击打同侧。

Objective： This thesis aimed to discuss the duration characteristics of inhibition of return of taekwondo athletes by adopting the paradigm of inhibition of return so as to study its mechanism, find whether it had the consistency cross situations and people and try to provide reliable support for the combining between the theory of inhibition of return and practice. Method： In Experiment 1, we used 4-factor mixed design to discuss the duration characteristics of inhibition of return of taekwondo athletes by employing the basic paradigm of inhibition of return combined with taekwondo background. All these were conducted to studying the mechanism of inhibition of return and providing theoretical support for advancing taekwondo Combination. In Experiment 2, based on experiment 1, the 3-factors mixed design was employed to analyze the reasons causing differences between taekwondo athletes and ordinary undergraduates in inhibition of return by varying SOA. Through combining the results of the two experiments above, the author also discussed the constancy of inhibition of return. Results： The main effects of cue and crowd and their interaction should be significant. The response time of taekwondo athletes was obviously shorter than that of common undergraduates, and inhibition of return was not found in taekwondo athletes. The interaction between cue and mechanism of inhibition was significant. Experiment 2 suggested that the main effects of cue and crowd should be prominent, and the Inhibition of return was found in both taekwondo athletes and ordinary undergraduates. The longest response time was found when SOA is 300ms, and the shortest one appeared when SOA is 900ms. Conclusions： The results indicated that the mechanism of inhibition of return was based both on objectives and locations, and it had cross-situational and partially cross-people consistency. The taekwondo athletes should avoid kicking with 900ms of SOA and they had better hit the same side in the actual combat.