机械变速拖拉机牵引功率试验研究

Experimental research on drawbar power for tractor with mechanical transmission

牵引功率试验是检验拖拉机性能的重要手段,本文通过对机械变速拖拉机牵引功率试验方法和试验数据的研究、分析,得出如下结论:机械变速拖拉机变速箱设计的合理性可通过牵引功率曲线来验证。通过查看实测最大牵引力点、最大牵引功率点与牵引功率曲线上估算的最大牵引力点、最大牵引功率点的重合程度来判断变速箱设计是否合理,若两者基本重合,则变速箱设计合理、科学,若两者偏离较大,则变速箱设计有待改进。对牵引功率基本相等的不同挡位,为提高作业效率、减少轮胎磨损、降低牵引比油耗,田间作业时应尽可能选择行驶速度较高的挡位。

Drawbar power test is the main way to evaluate the performance of tractor, based on the research and analyzing of procedure and result of drawbar power test for tractor with mechanical transmission, the following conclusions were obtained in this paper, the rationality of gear box could be validated through drawbar power curves. The design of transmission is reasonable or not could be determined via checking the coincidence of maximum drawbar pull point and maximum drawbar power point in test to maximum drawbar pull point and maximum drawbar power point in curve, the design of transmission is reasonable and scientific if it＇s coincidence mostly, it could be further improved when big gap existence. The paper also suggests the operator should select higher gear to work in the field if the tractor has almost the same drawbar power in different gears in order to improve the work efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and decrease tire abrasion.