基于实时传感器的精密变量喷雾发展概况

Development overview of precision variable spraying based on real-time sensor technology

精密变量喷雾是保证农作物高品质生长的必要步骤,也是现代农业喷雾技术的研究热点。从喷雾靶标实时检测和药液变流量输出控制两个主要技术方面,对其研究进展进行阐述和分析。针对喷雾靶标对象的检测,分别讨论基于红外传感器、超声波传感器和激光传感器的植株目标探测技术,强调激光传感器在植株目标实时探测、密度高精度估计等方面的优势。在喷雾药液变流量输出控制环节,依次讨论变压力式和变浓度式等传统流量控制技术以及脉宽调制(PWM)变流量控制技术的特点,重点分析流量调节范围大、雾化特性好的PWM变流量控制技术的优势和应用前景。最后,总结指出基于实时传感器探测的变流量喷雾技术是现代农业精密喷雾的发展方向。

Precision variable spray is one of the key steps for high quality growth of crops. It＇s also a research hotspot in the field of modern agriculture spraying applications. This paper presented an comprehensive review of development on precision variable spray technology from two major aspects of variable spray system： 1） real-time detection technology of spray targets, and 2） control technology of spray liquid variable flow rate output. For real-time spray target detection, infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors and laser sensors were discussed respectively on their performances to detect spray targets. Among them, the advantages of laser sensors applied in real-time targets detection and its accuracy in density estimation of the plants were stressed. For variable flow rate output control methods, a Pulse Width Modulation （PWM） control technology and two tradition flow control technologies including variable pressure type and variable concentrations type were discussed. The PWM control technology showed good performances with flow rate regulation range and spray characteristics. In summary, precision variable spray technologies integrated with intelligent real-time sensor has a great potential for agricultural precision spray applications.