中央权力机关和中央行政机关立法权限划分探析

Analysis of the Division of Legislative Powers between the Central Authority and the Central Administrative Organization

中央权力机关与中央行政机关立法权限划分是中国立法体制最重要的组成部分。由于宪法和法律的相关规定过于笼统,在全国人民代表大会的临时性及法案起草方面,相对全国人民代表大会代表而言,行政机关明显占优势,以及全国人民代表大会对授权立法监督不力等诸多因素,导致在实践中国家立法通过的法律绝大多数法案由国务院起草并提出,授权国务院立法处于主导地位。为了改变这种状况,要充分发挥全国人民代表大会在立法中的主导作用,进一步明确法律绝对保留事项,依据《立法法》对授权立法的相关规定,加强对授权立法监督。

The legislative division between the central authority and the central administrative organization is the most important part of the legislative system of China. All factors such as indistinct regulations of charter and relative laws and temporality of NPC and the State Council is superior to deputy of NPC on drafting a bill and NPC ineffectively supervises authorized legislation lead to the most passed national law drafted by the State Council. The State Council plays a leading role in authorized legislation. To change the condition, we must give play to NPC leading and strengthen supervision of authorized legislation according to the relative regulation.