机车牵引销冲击动力学特性分析

Analysis on dynamic features of locomotive traction pin

基于车辆/轨道耦合动力学理论,分析对比了选用两种方案转向架情况下机车动力学特性,以及对牵引销结构冲击的影响。以某型米轨机车为例,结合国外山区线路特征,使用动力学软件SIMPACK构建车轨耦合动力学模型。通过模拟实际线路工况分析发现直线工况下由于牵引销纵向自由间隙的存在,在较差线路上高速运行时,由于轨道纵向激励的影响使得牵引销受到较大的纵向冲击,原始方案三个牵引销按顺序最大纵向力分别为165 k N、197 k N和167 k N;改进后方案的牵引销纵向力最大值为165 k N、141 k N和186 k N。小半径曲线工况下原始方案牵引销与横向止档发生剧烈碰撞,第二位牵引销所受的横向冲击最大,达到259 k N,而考虑车轮磨耗时,冲击将达到785 k N。改进方案牵引销横向冲击较小,均未超过45 k N。结果表明:通过小半径曲线时,牵引销产生的巨大横向力可能是造成牵引销固定螺栓松动、剪断的原因。在较差线路上,轨道不平顺造成的纵向冲击这也可能引起该问题。

Based on the vehicle/track coupling dynamics theory, the dynamics characterastics of two kinds of locomotive bogies were analysed and compared. Their influences on traction pins were discussed. Taking a certain type of meter gauge locomotive as an example and considering. The characters of foreign mountain lines, a vehicle and track coupling dynamics model was established by using the dynamics software SIMPACK with the actual working conditions well simulated. Due to the existence of vertical traction clearance, the traction pins as usual are subjected to greater longitudinal impact while the vehicle is running on a poor line in high speed. According to the original scheme, the maximum longitudinal forces acting on three traction pins are 165 kN, 197 kN and 167 kN. In the upswing plan, the forces are 165 kN, 141 kN and 186 kN. The traction pins and horizontal stopper will bear violent collision in small radius curve condition according to the original scheme and the second traction pin will suffer the biggest lateral impact reaching 259 kN. If considering the wheel wear condition, the impact would even reach 785 kN. In the improved plan, the lateral impact on traction pins is small, not more than 45 kN. The results show that the large lateral force acting on traction pins and lateral stop may cause bolts＇ looseness and fracture, while the vehicle is crossing the small radius curves, on a poor line, longitudinal impact caused by track irregularity may also result in faults.