邵阳烤烟生产GAP体系构建及烟叶质量评价

GAP System Establishment in Flue-cured Tobacco Production and Assessment of Tobacco Leaves Quality in Shaoyang

为构建邵阳市烤烟生产GAP体系和烟叶质量评价体系,通过对邵阳市烤烟生产区水质、空气及土壤等环境因子进行调查与取样分析,评价了实施GAP管理后的大气、水体及土壤等环境因子和烟叶质量。结果表明,邵阳市植烟区大气质量符合GB3095—2012一级标准,水体质量达到GB3838—2002三级以上标准,绝大多数植烟土壤质量符合GB15618—1995二级以上标准,水体、大气和土壤符合优质烤烟GAP生产要求。2013年实施烟草生产GAP体系后X2F、C3F和B2F烟叶主要化学成分协调性、烟叶外观质量及评吸质量比实施前均有较大提高。在选择适宜品种基础上,建立有效的环境监控体系,合理规划种植基地,按照烟草GAP管理要求构建配套的烟叶生产技术体系,是确保本区烟叶质量的重要途径。

In order to establish the GAP system in tobacco production and conduct tobacco leaf quality assessment in Shaoyang, environmental factors such as surface water, air and soil in Shaoyang flue-cured tobacco planting regions were investigated and analyzed, and environmental factors and flue-cured tobacco leaf quality under GAP system were assessed. The results showed that the met the criterion of the primary standard of GB3095-2012, the surface water quality met the level 3 standard of GB3838-2002, and the quality of most tobacco planting soils met the second level of GB15618-1995. Air, surface water and soil quality all met the requirements of high-quality flue-cured tobacco production. After application of the GAP system in 2013, the coordination of main chemical component indicators of tobacco leaves, evaluation of appearance characteristics of raw flue-cured tobacco and smoking quality indicators of X2F, C3F and B2F in 2013 were all improved in comparison with 2012. Quality assurance of tobacco production requires suitable varieties, an effective system of environmental monitoring, a rational flue-cured tobacco planting base, and a GAP- based production technology system.