54种除草剂茎叶喷雾对烟草生长的影响及药害程度

Influence of Growth and Phytotoxic Degrees of 54 Herbicides Foliar Sprayed on Tobacco

为了解各种除草剂对烟草生长的影响和药害程度,分别在烟草4片真叶期、6片真叶期和团棵期前9 d,选用54种常用除草剂对烟草进行茎叶喷雾诱发药害试验,测定各除草剂对烟草生长的影响并分析药害程度。结果表明,在上述3个时期分别有40、41和31个除草剂对烟草生长造成严重影响,引起严重药害。相同化学分类除草剂对烟草生长影响和药害程度相近。供试的54种除草剂中,除芳氧基苯氧基丙酸、环己烯酮2类除草剂药害较轻外,其他均可引起烟草不同程度药害。苯氧羧酸类、磺酰脲类、二苯醚类、三嗪类等12类除草剂可对烟草产生严重药害;新发现了18种除草剂也可诱发烟草严重药害。

In order find out the influence on tobacco growth and possible phytotoxic degrees of 54 herbicides, foliar spray was conducted at the forth leaf stage, sixth leaf stage and before rosette stage to induce phytotoxicity. The results showed that, 40, 41 and 31 of the herbicides caused serious phytotoxicities on tobacco applied at the three developmental stages. Herbicides of the same type showed similar phytotoxic degrees. All herbicides except Aryloxygen-based acid and Cyclohexenone caused various degrees of phytotoxicities on tobacco. 12 types of herbicides, including Phenoxy-carboxylic-acid, sulfonylureas, diphenylethers and etc, could cause serious phytotoxic damages. 18 herbicides were newly discovered to be able to induce serious phytotoxicity on tobacco.