右上腹瘢痕粘连下左上腹两新入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术的改进策略

New strategies of laparoscopic cholecystectomy from left upper abdomen under massive adhesion of right upper abdomen

目的 右中上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术及放疗后,腹腔镜下见右上腹广泛瘢痕粘连,在解离粘连、建立胆囊切除空间失败后,改从左上腹入路胆囊切除术,依具体情况,探讨建立器械通道和操作空间的可能性和实用性。方法 自2001年5月-2015年5月有13例患者（有右上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术、放疗史）例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）,术中发现右上腹广泛粘连,常规LC失败后,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路建立手术器械通道,并沿肝脏脏面从上向下、从内向外解剖而建立胆囊切除空间,施行LC术。结果 手术时间为70-155 min,平均117 min。13例有右上腹瘢痕粘连的病例,近创伤处粘连重远创则轻,经左上腹两条入路巧妙避开难以分离的瘢痕粘连面,均成功进行探查及切除术,建立器械通道及切除空间顺利,除手术时间较长外,无胃肠、胆管损伤。结论 与距离呈负相关是后天性右上腹瘢痕粘连的特点,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路,可避开瘢痕粘连轻松建立胆囊LC手术通道;再沿肝下及于胆囊周围由上向下和内侧向外建立胆囊切除空间,两条路径LC为切实可行的手术路径。

Objective Seen from the laparoscope, there is massive adhesion after the peritonitis, an operation with a large incision or radiation treatment in right upper abdomen. After failing to dissociate the adhesion and create enough space with the help of laparoscope, the laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the left upper abdomen is adopted depending on the specific situation to explore the possibility and practicability of creating instrument channel and operating space. Methods From May 2001 to May 2015, 13 patients（with a medical history of peritonitis, an operation with a large incision, serious peritonitis or radiation treatment in right upper abdomen） were received operations of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, adhesion was serious near the trauma or otherwise. During the operation, massive adhesion was found in the right upper abdomen. The conventional LC did not work. Instrument channel and operating space were created from the left upper abdomen through facies inferior hepatis and falciform ligament. LC cost70 minutes to 155 minutes with an average of 117 minutes. Results LC of 13 patients（with a massive adhesion） from left upper abdomen was successful. In this way, it was easy to create instrument channel and operating space and avoid the massive adhesion. The operations took a longer time without injuring stomach intestines and bile vessel.Conclusion Acquired adhesion＇s peculiarity is negative correlation with distance, LC from the left upper abdomen through facies inferior hepatis and falciform ligament can be avoided the disassociation of massive adhesion and be created the instrument channel and operating space. The two ways are proved to be effective.