旅游景区游客拥挤感知影响因素模型建构

A Model of Tourists`Perceived Crowding in Recreational Settings

拥挤现象已成为景区发展的困境,在破坏景区环境质量的同时降低游客游憩体验品质。在对国内外相关文献整理的基础上,将影响拥挤感知的因素划分为情境因素(包括游憩环境特征、景区开发建设和社会情境特征)、个人因素(包括个人社会经济背景、人格特质、游憩动机、游憩期望、游憩偏好、游憩经验、游客使用特征)、他人因素(包括:感知遭遇人数、感知相似性、游客行为)、其他因素(包括调适行为和调查方式)以及密度因素,并结合期望理论、社会干扰理论、刺激超载理论、生态理论和密度强化理论建构拥挤感知影响因素理论模型,在分析模型理论价值和实践价值的基础上为景区管理者和游客提供指导性建议。

The crowding phenomenon, which can damage the quality of the scenic spot environment and reduce the quality of tourists satisfaction of travel experience at the same time, has become a trouble situation of the scenic spot development. In recent years, the issue of crowding in scenic spot has attracted relative attention in tourism industry and some basic models of solving this problem have been put forward. In this study, the factors of influencing the perception of crowding have been divided into sit uational factors （including the feature of travel environment, the development and construction of scenic spot and feature of social situations）, personal factors （including personally social and economic background, personality, motivation, expectation, preference, personal experience and the feature of tourists＇ usage）, other individual factors （the number of encountering the perception, the similarity of perception and tourist behavior）, other factors （adjustment behavior and investigation methods） and density based on the analysis of relative international and domestic literature. Furthermore, the theoretical model of the factors of influen cing the crowding perception has been established based on the expectation theory, social interference theory, stimulus overload theory, ecological theory and density of reinforcement theory. The future study and application for this model have been discussed as well, then provide suggestions to the scenic managers and tourists.